Apparently, to unlock this damaged device, you have you complete all the quests and collect all the passcodes before Spire 4 to complete this quest.

Where did you hear this from?

Not true because I had actually done this exact thing in my first playthrough as a just in case. Checked it again after the Spire and before/after the final area. Either Devs scrapped this idea, did it to annoy people like the auto fail quests or its planned for a future dlc